Central banks usually have) sxpca: :; zku)eox.e all of the following goals except:

  Which of the following v jkaa :2q;v -sq5blb,is a strength of fiscal policy?

  The process of a central bank creating digital money by pur)ndas :c8yjm6utqr /mp 0*ocw*q2j5 vchasing long-term government securities froro* y)2qtm6aup 5*c s j8:0jqwnmdcv/ m commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts held with the central bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money demand in ec h/r;z5noib( ionomics is not associated with holding money:

  Select from the choices below w: jh dan(ulb.nsy6iwb02 j19ehat is not considered to be a strength of monetary polici 6ljwnaen hu21 ybbj09.( d:sy:

  The following statements are true ex1 odj md7kgc, f*/k;escept:

  Which of the following is an example of cur o x)l*j21juau-l qfy1rent expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement ratio (reserve requireme5p/+s q 7j(epe3phdyxnt) in Iran stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculate the total credit creationh/p5+jxe3q epdps(y7 you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goal is to increase the ml8a(:eo jo7sz oney supply; select which of the following options bel:8azoe s7 ol(jow the ECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrease after the implementation of expansionary fiscfz3gh8u c(m w3pl3n h3al policypl 3n8h33 3um f(zhwcg?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which would be the most appropriate reasono9 c; lvxlwm nwns3:a0p 1,es8 for the central bank to incre9 :,acwsxmo p;3envll18ws 0nase the money supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and mo-k1jco yjy h g5;z4df6netary policy actions would most effectively cl1dk4;5jch 6 f-zy jygoose an inflationary gap?

  Which of the following statements is true of automvgcj mn-i5 m64 fmr5rm3-9xnw atic stabilisers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may result from a sustained budget dns/y 5drjayfb v ;o /.*3*fnateficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in nationu k .n.rmicw afdvjnmi,6. c2b./mbdq+ )/z m0al income from a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the approprim8h/,xm ax8 agq,2k7g +hplsoate transmission mechanism of a contractionary monetarya,8ag8m 7x lhx2mpg,/okqs + h policy which involves raising interest rates to achieve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap