Why is the depth of field greater, krk //,gzmlr- e f2hx+and the image sharper, when a camera lens is “stopped dkrh /gkrme 2z-l +f,x/own” to a larger f-number? Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affects the statement that the depth of fiely)sqsd i ++c-ad is greater and the image sharper when a came-a++sydcq is)ra lens is “stopped down” to a larger f-number.

Why must a camera lens be moved farther from the film to focus on a closer ob /1 ipy(fk csb)znty 2 2r;0xghg;0rngjec( rs2y0gz hx n 0bgp;1;2)cnfytg/irkt?

Why are bifocals needed mainly by oldiqz8y. dl.wo56d/ fcji oz7f3er persons and not generally by younger peop/3 oiz 7i8 cwfdj.56lfdzy.oqle?

  Will a nearsighted person who wears corrective lenses in her glasses be abl . 2tjyn(n/fvle to see clearl2/fl.(jv ytn ny underwater when wearing those glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a person is nearsighted or farsighted by looking at 3ire1 )gy;xpn( 2vpi dthe width of the face through their glasses. If the person’s face appears narrowerdp r;xiy3n(p g1i v2e) through the glasses (Fig. Below), is the person farsighted or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant details, people will somflc5c)bht3s1x)w ex 2etimes squint. Why does thisxc)3s2 w1xchl ft) be5 help?

Is the image formed on the retina of the2 z hquz:b,k nurxu(:epr.9 p; human eye upright or inverted? Discuss the implications of this for our perception of oqrkp9 n,(:uz:p eurxh 2bu.z ;bjects.

The human eye is much like a camera — yet, when ad1fjegx1h n, af9e;*+y hgkz * camera shutter is left open and the camera is mg1anj* + dkhf19,ghzyefx* ;e oved, the image will be blurred; but when you move your head with your eyes open, you still see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. Aq29w v/ijljb5b l8zz2 simple magnifier is also a converging lens. Are reading glasses therefore magzbbl2ij9ljzw8 q25 /v nifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for children’s use usual15l3s l l541m+go,kt*fhtf h bn4txyoly produce images that are colored at 1oygtbh4ok l+ 53l tt5s,xn41 fhm*lfthe edges. Why?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens 2 c;o0ftn53/wd eiios,p )wsxis minimized if rays are bent equally by the two surfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a real image of an object at infin,co5isepxd to0sf;i 2w) 3nw/ity, which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations present in a simple lens ag d0zex ,wpn0c ,.6dcpre not present (or are greatly reduced) in th6zn d,c 0d0p.egc,w xpe human eye?

Explain why chromatic aberration occurs for thin lenseswy)-s5bauv* n but not for mirrors.

  By what factor can you improve resolution, other things being 6iv15w g 1//q j2on(vmvvuwp eequal, if you use bn21iv/o/v1 qgmje( wv p5u wv6lue light ($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages for the use w1g vu-+f7 qv8*oyff-n0hlpiu 6s(b y of large reflecting mirrors in astronomical teq*6(1 iywg -up o8 vfbsfhlun7+fv-0 ylescopes.

Which color of visible lim )0opn6 1hbuight would give the best resolution in a microscope? Explhb6 n1ip)mo 0uain.

  Atoms have diameters of abo7e3v 9knnm8sm ut $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lens has f-st/yzof(osg-gv).z t+ o6chhr +ops ranging from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera le pm bjw:0t4b3kp6s)n vns has a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports that a camera settini.h-mb-h*3v 6joau0/r gfivpg of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photograph is tanjww,lt-(n2t : 0dacu ken at $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens can be adjusted so th.m.g glcq; emz0lu8b. 3w.vzgat it is 200.0 mm to 206.0 mm from the film. For what range of objegzq03 ;wc. 8g.em.zlvbmlug .ct distances can it be adjusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 28-mtall tree from a distance g7wyor* x3 *beof 58 m. What focal-length lens should be used if the ima*e rxywg3*o7 bge is to fill the 24-mm height of the film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tiny pinhole instead of a lens. Show, using ray diagraja-wc3l 3h+f*ql ln9 /cy1t 8y* .xzpd3 imthtms, how reasonably sharp images can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particular,jhn-/ht* clpy 1y .m 8txd93ci3q lztf+*w3al consider two point objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct e7.6g/gp5wwl fqyq3x 3p . yrsck94zbxxposure is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is about m:yrah2k*o k. 2.0 $cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person in Exa)w2 iigew e56nr 1is,rmple 25–6 wore contact lenses corrected for the fa rsnr1) i6, 2iw5egweir point $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power 5,ssqvd6.xaz +;f a0 f qr*bicare needed for a person whose near point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far poi8dzo9g h8w,tr q 0q7rfnt of 14 $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding a boopra6d:)s; b uu.zqwy 8k at arm’s length, a distance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is corrected by a p-*:pk77qmho d omj)p$-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see objects clearly onhgtuw 5:zt mmi4x4 vb7r *1)sply if they are between 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is the nearsighted -zifuxw a+4xz0:b 6 mg/z(ef-ccts g3 eye in Example 25–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsighted person’s eyeglasses has a focal lengjy y59 o:jgzm gvq4vo ,3o)f4kth of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of the eye–lensofl3t9)dor ,,gvi8 v-4m rgxn system when viewing an object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has near and fa1 lkae: 5ilvi: h2su:hr points of 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens used with a relaxe f;h0kjz0n nr4d eye if its focal length is 1nrf04j0hn z ;k2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal lengulo,*ua t6 f6ath of a magnifying glass of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated at /wr-g76ui3pz xboeh ))z;mu; pvv)qk/x e8mz$2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is using 7bfnb3tnu/kt*( 6l sv a 9.00-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is viewednj6j8v*oja+xs.onkpo jwy-) 5 b *z;y with a 9.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placed*tb2b k)b1t)t z .li0zshtpo0 5.55 $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass with a wjr+59tu ti vi..5xqyfocal length of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is )6qqm1 )e gmu 3narm1spyu 3y(rated at $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an astronomical telescope whose object9: njg.s.b zcndk;m8hive lens has a focal lengthnndh.sk:c m.b g9j ;z8 of 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of an astronomical telescope is desired:6vk yn1 m ozexu;wl6w5tt) y7ny2 fr: to be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has k5 6cj.gd u5*jt0hifxan objective with focal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescop..ijc eqsj-rj6(, hqce has its two lenses spaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted for a relaxed eye.)r/qnsxy a/ u is 32.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an astronomical teles,96f 5zyitywt, b:ubhcope using a reflecting mirror whose radius of curvature is 6.0 u h6tz :f ,wbb59i,tyy$m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appears to be magne y+cmqv d ,1jqcr:7:hified 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. Below) has a radius of curvature of 3.0 m for its/ *+.vsiztrik6l c5yf2l v*ag objective mirror and a radius of curvatur*k26glt+lzfrc*.y v5 /siiva e of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepul y m8ycx91owi)9t *o yp9+etiece with a focal length of 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 12.0gbpq7 md)2w9jsb+7d yp-h8z b$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1.8-d.q ydezum*5xt w+h f0v3ax::$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming that the final ix+y ashh6 ;(ld* rh) fof*tw3hmage is located 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microscope hase095nmn1o pxa9.fw lv w;h)xn a focal length of 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of two bf2l5r )yl0lyvery thin lenses, placed in contact, that have focal lengths5lb2y lrl0f) y of $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberratioczzxt l (z) t-(5+xpldn in a particular situation. A planoconvex lens of index of refraction 1.50 and radius of curvztcdzl xzp(x)l(t -5+ature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limit (degrees) set by diffraction f .epvq3a u037jkhe+k uor the 100-in. (20 kvkp auj3+he3qe 7u.54-$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to constrnk;+o(qub xsfk. n/r q.(0t-qeaolq;d, pt. wuct a telescope that can resolve features 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-o(1d,zgfw 2q wmm camera has a focal length of 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away are barelyi ,j)l)t lppx(kvn7xpj+ . hy5 resolved by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a human eye distinguish two car heawd/ jm slx7 ((sr )9fredpx2/wdlights 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are separated by:y6g g7;av biu;ny;.j.ybg rlpf 6i:+mharv8 about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength flts7xsm6vgwt)kk((,)r7 x i 0.133 nm fall on a crystal whose atoms, lying in planes, are spaced 0) ftksx(mk()xl ,r7tg76sivw .280 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 nm are directed at an unknown mzqix .m9;qwgh0 n. u:crystal. The second diffraction maximum is reqh:g9w mz0xq.; .mui ncorded when the X-rays are directed at an angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffracwr ot2tmff2zw:nggnioh h:j (l05( -)tion is observed at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conventional X-ray image that j yww +w7ro8o3 rz,a:uthe X-ray beam consists of parallel rays. What would be the magnification of the image? auo,a w7 zwr 3jwoy:8+r the magnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed toward midday, and the sunlight got more intense, a phov6b 7nryjk rf3x07r1ztogrk 6707yrx3zj frrv 1nbapher noted that, if she kept her shutter speed constant, she had to change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far away (assume infinity), the magnific yb47u g:m;omcation of a camera lens is proportional to its fob 4;c7oyu:mgmcal length.

  For a camera equipped with f+e1hhcnq j 2c5n,rth 8dqxq0u* 1l*da 50-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with her right eye only when objects are between vv,+w;gcln3e : l17uenvb/swcc 3g w ,45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near point of (klda0ct6yv w-4q x 7so; g,ym15 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifyima(s:v,0 vyn vng power of a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountains tries to make 5jt28wm jof y6qxv1a*a telescope using the lenses from hiwxj oqmtaj*2156v yf8 s reading glasses. They have powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man uses t4 xgem2x3u4n$+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremely high alt6eg6z6 kb,jlc itudes (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures -y k zhl9y3c7cat very short distances, exposure times must be increased because of the increased distance of the lens from the film for a focusy9cz7-y c3klh ed image.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyep9l5iv7/k r90ivjop cz iece of a telescope are spaced 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, with an objective diameter of 2.4 m, isfrs ruz3*di .0 viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubble can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 550 nm. Assume the Hubbl *03rsd.u fzrie is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenses, one with 5ge7) c+93hk 8 hv.xwvglomhy fj;jb) $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a magnification of 8.0. If the two lenses arecd*.2bu3yb s*f uve k2 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy satellite to photograph license vuu (vm v-o8/67qdisr plate numbers. Assuming it is neces-idm8 u7(/6 vsqu orvvsary to resolve points separated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fig. Below) has one flat surface and thec;mu 9hhoal8 * x.2obt other has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm