Why is the depth of field greater, and the image sharper, when a cyo:b (i;ip- gct5(cb eamera lens is “stopped down” to a larger f-number? Ignore diffract :(;o 5tc (-icgybepibion.

Describe how diffraction affects the statement that the depth of field is gp,c56 w3 oyrdqreater and the image sharper when a camera lens is “stopped down”3w rq6,ycdo5p to a larger f-number.

Why must a camera lens d 3i14*y; mcq7k o1iwykacp rub7vg:,be moved farther from the film to focus on a closer objeck7ocgw i 1q:i7,v 1 4cup* m;3yarykbdt?

Why are bifocals needed mainly by jpj)u 9gx( qz+older persons and not generally by younger people?jgj )x( zpqu9+

  Will a nearsighted person who wears corrective lenses in her glasse;7ggbah in4lufw( w0ojn)y +e g/9t.vs be able to see clearly underwater when wearing those glasses? wbgv9.)gj4hi;w ann7 e/ot( +yfg ul0 ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a person is nearsighted or farsighted by looking at the wid0*upx/vav) y cth of the face through their glasses. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glasses (Fig. Belowa0c/x vp *vuy)), is the person farsighted or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant details, people will sometimes squddar2pk5 0so6 int. Why does this hek 026d5dao sprlp?

Is the image formed on the retina +x/ wvum l 8z;x9prwns ,z6.gyof the human eye upright or inverted? Discuss the y9m.pgzl/z;v s x8xwu6nw, r+implications of this for our perception of objects.

The human eye is much like a camera — yet, when a camera shutter is left opevqi z /s4bqtu *ko9mf- xr+(;sn and the camera is moved, the image will be blurred; but when you move your head with your eyes s/z *vq4f9iu +kro;m tqs-xb( open, you still see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. A simple qvf*t pvp,/ml; +k h:wmagnifier is also a converging lens. Are reading glasses therefore:*/v vq, +pp tfhwmkl; magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for hta 9.tlv2;v.r-hwwh*c1n y ichildren’s use usually produce images that are colorel vh*.wan-.yht;thiwv9r c 12d at the edges. Why?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens is minimized if ryb7vuk bgt5sy;u+ ,z6 ays are bent equally by the two sby yu +z6tk;us7v ,b5gurfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a real image of an object at infinity, which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations present ug73ktqvxwh*h 53di0zz6 tp / in a simple lens are not present (or are greatly reduced) in the hu 3uzw6i* 5z/3thv7kpxgh0 dq tman eye?

Explain why chromatic aberration )- )ex 0pfc5r ezx-mheoccurs for thin lenses but not for mirrors.

  By what factor can you improve resolution, other things being eif /vhkj lv05/qual, if you use blue light j5 /l/f vikvh0($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages for the use of large reflecting mirrors in as gt-4 sk,5nwoctronomical telescopes.n sot4gw,-c5 k

Which color of visible light would give the best resolution in a microscope? Exce d78keys 9l-l7xw +nfl* /unplain9skl n * fye 7u/-x8nced+7wll.

  Atoms have diameters of am y:*q;yggh1mbout $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lens has f-stopp0xyc 0in5 nsd;+/bbnr+nu c:s ranging from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera lens h:stqg 0i0a my /*pj p)1bp1e9zn xjpy0as a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reportsg 8 rx7ov4zqelcx64c- that a camera setting of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photograph isd48v*:)n2awlh :vozkvv ig) j taken at $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens can be adjusted ssw;gsy-n 3f em1; cfl3o that it is 200.0 mm to 206.0 mm from the film. For what range of object distances cancfe1l3ssy w3n ;f;m- g it be adjusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 28-mtall tree from a distancamjasi1: 0u4k*k,zb upq5tjo)h/lfh **5vqce of 58 mkq5opfs5hul)4kca *1:h jt* /*amizqv,0 u bj. What focal-length lens should be used if the image is to fill the 24-mm height of the film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tiny pf2w2dfj (xd qeuz5y -j/b 4lqgdx)k,5;sr.diinhole instead of a lens. Show, using ray diagrams, how reasonably sharp images can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particuly dliqf/5jj)dsrd(xf2; ,uq.w5e 2b-4dgx kzar, consider two point objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct exposure 8( pfp2mtozq1 is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is act k1g x,:qty7bout 2.0 $cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person in Example 25–6 wore cont1dbc61 hsdgt *act lenses corrected for the ds6d11 gh*b tcfar point $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power are needed for cdzy(3n rr00.aza6 b7opo:gda person whose near point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far point of 14 :h+-rqa m5mc tqsob)5 $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding a b,sqjnlm4km ); *f 6yskook at arm’s length, a distance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is corrji9iumcumjj pf um x+*30d ,8-ected by a $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see objects cleas2d-081h8v2-arc yyslf ushkrly only if they are between 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is the nearsighted eye in Example 25–6 pxsf q;6z8d0a than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsightedj.f tzj py (xd (,ua(8.8rptw ho6ac5d person’s eyeglasses has a focal length of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of the eye–lens system when viewing an objs81akp */ lmuywy)t9oa 3nm8 zect
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has near and far points of 10.0 and 20ytbz hkvi6h m x08vx+asmd+r 55) 3oo..0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnific7lv;,g;un bjo bgk-uy ub0z /5 b0.oi,8txelv ation of a lens used with a relaxed eye if its focal length ibyb ,;nu 80b0,o bgo ;x/j vklzeiugut-7vl5.s 12 $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal length of a ma1 0l5ezy a)25jai y*peq7xzsagnifying glass of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated akp5+y/t*qth7 vz 4vb at $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is using a +dm;k x2zby).rl qie35fs ;fa9.00-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle kip2rc937mjcg8d i ,n eb4)f ris viewed with a 9.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placed 5.5,ci cw.8cvgl 55 $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass with a focal lez-,kdh48q+ eq(kjihh-( izz qngth of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is rat wk;i)6fe.qs6g+g-zg esus4 f ed at $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an astronomical telescope whose objective lenw4uuhe2w *h ce-rb2x-4+fioks has a focal length of 76 -or4 f2ewki*-uhwe2bh 4ucx+ $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of an astronomical telescope is desired to b9r; :nwj di9h2 )c*jnrlgkks3e 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has yxq 0qvfi t-fe6is 9+t9w2ju;an objective with focal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope has its two lenses spacedncmixyc.00f3jb /wqzt:6 3a m 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted for a r( ,09g1gmpq jdmpl o6)dfdeh:elaxed eye is 32.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an astro qdso6vf/ m7l mn1l0.xnomical telescope using a reflecting mirror whose radn m.07 6x 1/lqofmlsvdius of curvature is 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appea9es pwc +26rp85vkd9e0tm lears to be magnified 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. Below) has a radius of curvature of 3.0 m frbu uoc:6j9y7 or its objective mirror and a radius of curvatuj97u rcoyu6b: re of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepiecege(zo2d 4ufg/: oso3c with a focal length of 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 12. 2;+u(ewo y uiako0i2i0$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1.cjv;;o 5k2 ay 2kt:,xd yvrh7c8-$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming that the final image is loc,t65e+ qgykd lated 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microscope has a focalrgqn:/e;uh()zy y h.y length of 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of two very thziuwks963ngvs hl( c6 w0p i,3in lenses, placed in contact, that have focal lengths o n h9,w0u3slisizpvc w3g(6k6f $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberration in a:yhp2 /xf oj-n particular situation. A planoconvex lens of index oxy :/n 2f-ohpjf refraction 1.50 and radius of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limit (degrees) set by diffract ,09bh*)ohk v/i, 2arjswbfxe ion for the 100-in. (254-,9f/k,2 o ebisbj v) rh0a*hwx$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construct a telescope that can resolve featuretma.0/g+tfu hs 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-mm camera hasjclzbo 0ey5fp38i g6:31qmhh a focal length of 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away are bar* krtkq4y ztj c/*7b2 1(nbfnpely resolved by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a hum7qwz333d7sco/5kzl op ha 0a ran eye distinguish two car headlights 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are separated ,zabzu7jl/ys -ra s74 by about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133 nm fall on a crystal wdl( zktne4 .q8hose atoms, lying in planes, are space qzkt4e8nd. l(d 0.280 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 5. ;b v1frjmpfnm are directed at an unknown crystal. The second diffraction maximum is recorded when the X-rays are directed at anf f;mvjb5pr.1 angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffraction imyeuu*a1 l2duro6 d.m u40cg+s observed at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conventional X-ray image idk +u h-t(xm,that the X-ray beam consists of parallel rays. What would be the magnificat(u ktd,+xh-im ion of the image? a the magnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed toward midday, and theaw5l(++ z3 foz ;bqvet sunlight got more intense, a photographer noted t+lwb3fqo ze( +vtza;5 hat, if she kept her shutter speed constant, she had to change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far away (assume infinity), the :dve2lo62 ee5 zbaz9lnb+ay, magnification of a camera lens is proportional to itn+l d ze e,a9:vobey62l 2ba5zs focal length.

  For a camera equipped withtwf i:2gy0f wxhd49 i4 a 50-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly iz-f s+p-vlju 9o32usjojg:u8w9 ak3w8 ,ebx with her right eye only when objects are between 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near point of 15yt d( xi51e05+twkpw l $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying powere,o (t 4af:n d7tffj:lu(/bkz1p tef( of a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountal1k+:rc 6:z df o7 oar,fhyq5tins tries to make a telescope using the lenses from his recod6 7:f5fkra:+rotyqh 1, z lading glasses. They have powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man uses:ym)p*rde:gl $+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extre.hy;+ mfj5jn w cm6ww;mely high altitudes (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures at very short distances, exposure times must be 4ycavy k2m.gs 6qjs+-b7a/drincreased because of the increased distance of the lens from the film for a focusad+/.mr4bq 2gys-a kj 6v s7cyed image.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyepiec)0b/puf9 iphdxcc5lt)i1u.* mu 1qub e of a telescope are spaced 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, with an objective diameter of 2.4 m, is viewing tqm(0jmlxwy1iy8oulvb 4945 m he Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubble can distinguish. Consider diffractio imlbo95xm8q w 44j 0myy1vlu(n of light of wavelength 550 nm. Assume the Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenses, onn1mo9-4x pj+j 5nawfae with $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a0,d hq eq9o 3xpjq,a.clme59 dun7( kc magnification of 8.0. If the two lenses are 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy satellite tof kpuc kpmm6 o.y9:9j) photograph license plate numbers. Assuming it is necj c u op:m)f9kp6m.9kyessary to resolve points separated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fi y-mpxh1g 6ed8)gb+ey g. Below) has one flat surface and the other has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm