Why is the depth of field greater, and the image sharpq3flvim(z *b.nwg e: 2er, when a camera lens is “stopped downm:f*l vq.b2 3gzwen(i” to a larger f-number? Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affects the statementp)3dhou8 crl*06x *b.cjtio j that the depth of field is greater and the image sharper when a camera lens is “stopped downjhroo*d0)pxu86 cb 3jt*.icl” to a larger f-number.

Why must a camera lens be moved farther from the film to focus on ,,vv2uxp (jwca closer objectpcwu2jv,x v,(?

Why are bifocals needed mainly by older persons and not generally by younger bfpk d983h,y zpeop3 kz,ypf98dbh le?

  Will a nearsighted person who wey +o/l ,hey4otars corrective lenses in her glasses be able to see clearly underwater whe+toy/,ol yh4e n wearing those glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a person is nearsighted or farsighted by looking at the wm/ek;j4t0 gcguf) e 3uidth of the face through their glasseukgeu/ f4) m3tcj ;0ges. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glasses (Fig. Below), is the person farsighted or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant details, people will sometimes squint. W8d:h.r f; nzvghy does this:;h.n g zrd8vf help?

Is the image formed on thevdq7w-fi.qb4 9d; yw,)rz9 8 wa7aap. ahppnm retina of the human eye upright or inverted? Discuss the iy4),iqhv a-zn d 9;pma d7w br78pq9w.fpa.wamplications of this for our perception of objects.

The human eye is much like a camera — yet, when a camera shutter i8s6wza8 q jtn,y *j8gis left open and the camera is moved, the image will be blurred; but whag8 6yjti,n 8jqsw8 *zen you move your head with your eyes open, you still see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. A simple magnifier is also a convergi/rsto vt u1h4(y0i86 vrkjw; ung lens. Are reading glasses therefore magnifij4r(t80 ov;ykh1 iu/rts6uwv ers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for children’s use usually produce images tha)sjxo3c mty*,0 lp:bz mt6-ql,pc-vv t are colored lcm 0 v ,p msj:xcl6-,-v p3tztoyqb*)at the edges. Why?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens is minimized ,2voruc zrty1b9d +maiky84- if rays are bent equally by the two surfacvd2tz,m4r- ac+y9 bou 8k1yr ies. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a real image of an object at infinity, which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations present in a simple lens are11sc)sq nkf 2sn3+c as not present (or are greatly reduced) in the1c sns)f+ a13q nskc2s human eye?

Explain why chromatic aberration occurs for thin le mb yn6ctn d1dr0r)b/1nses but not for mirrors.

  By what factor can you improve resolution, oth9:,x- c fk njjn)bnyl.er things being equal, if you use blue fn .n jj-kx,cy): n9lblight ($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages for the use of large reflecting mirrors in astr2qb 43)wwn oxd4hbh v8onomical telescobd28 qw wvh x)hn4bo43pes.

Which color of visible lightc,xa5c grq14+- eplys would give the best resolution in a microscope? Expllec5yq 1rpx+a4 ,s-gcain.

  Atoms have diameters of abouhlmafg.9,) uj) trr8qa ni: z3t $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lens has f-stops rangt0:da az(rcwdgoy:t3yf )4j 0ing from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera lens x;n p.idgp:o1 has a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports that a camzq)x9y65j i2uak(ipq )q v/fvera setting of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photogra43 wmvcg-q,b7s- na4mplxt7fph is taken at $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens can be adjusted so that it is 200.0 mm to 206.0 mm zftbmp jf0/ly( n0lwg0dde3r)4y w66from the film. For what range of object distances can it be adjnlr z0wy fed tm0)gfly43 6bw0(/6dpjusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 28-mtallw/(ldmlqah n;8h 9-or tree from a distance of 58 m. What focal-length lens should be used if the image is to filr hll9n(w-d; 8amh qo/l the 24-mm height of the film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tiny pinhole instead of a l(z1) zjlm5.kql13v sa+jshccens. Show, using ray diagrams, how reasonably sharp images can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particular, consider two pm5jcl.zah(3zqkc 11s)v+lj s oint objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct ex bk+p1) 4itno wh7f:qnposure is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is about 26m2 f 25cbtlh46-pfv9;.o hmekvwogy .0 $cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person in Example 25lrd i )ge.m3-axc05 if )7xkkh–6 wore contact lenses corrected for the far po- g xmr0eca)3fi.)k5 i lxh7kdint $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power are needed for a person -rnva mn+5mu 6- kmg:wwhose near point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far pym4+mvu 0vegt/g t.u /oint of 14 $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding a :7 jy4.bjdh7ornrt)zv w,e w-book at arm’s length, a distance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is correctu d5i 89odykk1ed by a $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see objects clearly only if they are betwefid- 7fji57 lvy)4r enen 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is the nearsighted eye in Example 25qkv09nyc(6p 8q pz nt4–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsighted person’s eyeglasses h(k 0cl4n,y1bn; tued xas a focal length of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of thew m7gmup+a a5: eye–lens system when viewing an object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has near and far points ofunrmk);b7 2 qfw )l3,e +kssav 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens used with a relaxed eye if its focal lenglj.g mz17sv vl02g-z mth is gz -1m72 vsjlm0gvz.l12 $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal length of a vj6h45j p80kfy :rr swmagnifying glass of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated aa8d;u j kjcg3(nmpcc:v.pp ;:ivi*ga -8;xw zt $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is using51:l0m(q ab pg:u dd0me8gijx a 9.00-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is viewed with a 95 ope0sf j8bby,/t m1ut/a fj/.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placed (0w3rzozt xf( 5.55 $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass wi 7(agcuys:r g5th a focal length of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is ratsug* neq0a 8u7ed at $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an astrosdoq)ssch5vkv )evcgx 1b+,:17z hn )nomical telescope whose objective lens has a focalsgs1 nck doqh),x:z 7csv v+)h)1ve5b length of 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification 1-ukl.rp equ7u1 be3 wof an astronomical telescope is desired to be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescope he92/vblkn1j ;2b iug; zidb ,e; izlp(as an objective with focal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope has its two lenses space3k2j n*s yt6yxd 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted for a relaxed eye is 32/ 6uuuv2 m3kfs.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an as0l3i- x vmr4o pws,ou;tronomical telescope using a reflecting mirror whose ,so3po-m xwlu4;vi 0r radius of curvature is 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appears to be mag8sqk zmd hvr-q(5 i+o7nified 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. 9:0rnop fr *6f;rb hkvy5gf9sBelow) has a radius of curvature of 3.0 m for its objectiv5r 9rpbgf r; nv6offh09sky *:e mirror and a radius of curvature of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepiece with (4x1hb i6,p;ih6lpuiglf j+ ta focal length of 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 1sb+uaue nv1n 3062+ .ikoyiqg2.0$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1.8-e+-*n9- raxmdy8qd az$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuminkr+hgot6 brh(8 + cfo /naz0m*g that the final image is located 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound micy .y,ws4mt)dhza ,,uj7jdws:roscope has a focal length of 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of two very thin lenses, placed in cvbpx029 zg jp*ontact, that have focal j0gp2v 9xzb* plengths of $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberrat9djhdh(kjin1 uu*v7fms h lu 2q wmx,467 3;ovion in a particular situation. A planoconvex lens of index of refract*hf j q 4(v7 mx;3ddk6us91 l7ojih2uhnvwm, uion 1.50 and radius of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resk wek+akl: /:golution limit (degrees) set by diffraction for the 100-in. k/:g+ela:w kk (254-$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construc-3ytq +w6m0zl zyxvg :t a telescope that can resolve features 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-mm camera has a focal leng8r6 rqh .n+dcu h-amr t9ndnyo s.h)5(th of 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away are barely re; d u)ka,f89xax 9jcbnsolved by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a human eye distinguish two car heakx;7le jx( fe1wef *d;dlights 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are spp06fikv1: s5/ ewsbl eparated by about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133 nm fall on a crystal whose w98wgapq ;d 4patoms, lying in planes, are spacedpg9w;qp a8 wd4 0.280 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 nm are direci70tuxncjakb)7 m+k3k idr t+8lz*(o ted at an unknown crystal. The second diffraction maximum is recorded when the X-rays are directed at*k7ao ttb(+7il+j idxk83uk0 n)mzrc an angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffraction is observed at k)jl m hhxcru8c7u(,3$\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conven;s9m* :nm cycszgu z83tional X-ray image that the X-ray beam consists of parallel rays. What would be the magnification of the image? a the magnificamgcny*s zc 8:s3m9u; ztion is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed toward midday, and the sunlight got more intense, jx z+fd/s +zoe q6 xtd8t*-v3dd ;km)ta photographer noted that, if she kept her shutter spez /)3dx*-8e vttdd+qz6 k +t smfxj;oded constant, she had to change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far away (assume ig:7jlae8f e2t5.cypo nfinity), the magnification of a camera lens is proportional to its focal .g e:j8 a7lpf5et o2cylength.

  For a camera equipped with:) wvvz9 .zdcf a 50-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with hed zw9,3j gljy7r right eye only when objects are between 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near point wt1w13w w.kxt of 15 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of a 2z, o/.csvqnk $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountains tries to make a telescope using the lenses fr d41 y.zq9dusquho 5u)om his reading glyqduo5h1u)u4d9z sq .asses. They have powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man use3 2bu6rr 6h,/ky .u7juciskem s $+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremely high altitudes (g,vvyrg *e*h*6zx0sew j 52hz25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures at very short distances, exposure times must be increasedrb 0v2/ wacz (7pbninv9 hhc( an52n9c because of the increased distanpn 9n w((bn2r75zvabch0c9i anh/ v2cce of the lens from the film for a focused image.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyepiece of a telescope are spaced jy.p *zt ,w5sgm,k nb285 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, with an objective diameter of 2.4 m, ishfa pr-7ip8+ 3st+pix viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubble can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 550 nm. Assume the Hubble is nearx+3r i8h-pp fsi a+t7p the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenselp1vgo9x12a cs, one with $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a magnification o(4uoas qfq e) )l oh3chj7uy25f 8.0. If the two lenses are 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy satellite to photograph license plate numbers. Assuv4jkqrx9u0m 94 ptymb ,r bd.7ming it is nu9mrt4v 49r7xpkj ,0ybd.mbq ecessary to resolve points separated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex len x4-2beac.x nz2kzb8s s (Fig. Below) has one flat surface and the other has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm