Why is the depth of field greater8*wclx l)u,4d,e g 5qnxcp a,s, and the image sharper, when a camera lens is “stopped p,u84),xqcs5, *ec wlndgaxldown” to a larger f-number? Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affectpxg;+ 7lw-s jzejw2 6bqc3rk 2s the statement that the depth of field is greater and the image sharper when a camera lens is “stopped downc3-lw6s2+qjjbwzp ge ;2rk7x” to a larger f-number.

Why must a camera lens be moved farther from the film to focus on a .p*9d)(nps9sxndn v ucloser objecvu s)dp9nnn*sd p .x(9t?

Why are bifocals needed mainly by older persons and not generally by younger p l,t8p*duw7 j:z ii+x7 wf0epueopleieip0+zww:p,uf*ldj7 xt 78u?

  Will a nearsighted person who wears c 7: q:dr(qr qsi/f*wcl.h vgh7orrective lenses in her glasses be able to see clearly underwater when wearing dg qlh7h: 7rc q:wv*/(.siqf rthose glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a person is nearsighted or farsighted by look u 8tqslcr5:w4ing at the width of t 5wct:rq8 s4ulhe face through their glasses. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glasses (Fig. Below), is the person farsighted or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant details, people wi1 +jagrfa c35nll sometimes squint. Why does thi5frac+nga 1 3js help?

Is the image formed on th45oe ynocvenog/p;/ ;e retina of the human eye upright or inverted? Discuss the impli;;p4v/nyogone/ eo c5 cations of this for our perception of objects.

The human eye is muc k6 3il3y5-fczt8dn3lfnax /ch like a camera — yet, when a camera shutter is left open and the camera is moved, the image will be blurred; but when you move your head with your eyes open, you still see clearn zy ik/c -afdn8lfx353lc36 tly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. A simple magnifier is also v *qlue-bd5b :a converging lens. Are reading glasses the 5d b-*eulbq:vrefore magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for children’s use usually produceuk+ (e4s7tx)vdnq5saty5*5 kcunjj4 images that are colored at th(ttnjsjk4 ev) c45ua+u* n5y5kdxq7 se edges. Why?

Spherical aberration 2;gnd cy5ok;yin a thin lens is minimized if rays are bent equally by the two surfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a real i kyon25;yg;dc mage of an object at infinity, which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations presen58 g qp(lcnsd 9s vlq6./q7 p6oxio+jut in a simple lens are not present (or are greatly reduced)lqx i.6oopg 9/n 5s7j8v+s (uqlpcd6 q in the human eye?

Explain why chromatic aberration occurs for thin lenses but bzi3 a8op8+9bfsdg u +not for mirrors.

  By what factor can yopn8u, f ogwoo iffrp/zy3+q3+9, tt 5ou improve resolution, other things being equal, if you use blue ligf q n,9wf f go/ort+,u3i+zo83ppoy5tht ($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages for the use of large reflecting mirrors in astronomf+ trn56nz5 dhtwb;z -ical telescopes.bf+zhz5n r6t5wd- ;t n

Which color of visible light would giveblrn pm234ig 74iq()g ty bmuubrn120 the best resolution in a microscope? Explain.im)niby7 um41 242 lb (u03bgqrtrp ng

  Atoms have diameters of aboutgz/xur1fdx;v9t f 2w+ $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lens has f-stops rangiin4*zfsd( ,h x2 bly-yng from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera lens hcsx u)b5wg ds+.na,51h6tyj aas a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports that a ck10v 9mnddlp b*ex42lamera setting of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed phoi)fd: /ua x(nmtograph is taken at $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens can be adjust vnp*1gy49;vfjjo-b i;z 4l vled so that it is 200.0 mm to 206.0 mm from the film. For what range of object distances can it be adjusteg vz9iyv- 4o ;vjp;n 41flj*bld?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 28-mtfuif ez*. 1mjq4avm) +all tree from a distance of 58 m. What focal-length lens should be used if the image is to mvj )m4u*z e.+ fqfai1fill the 24-mm height of the film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tag 4gpb1,ozzbrww3i2ltv;/8rj4i .ts v(g*miny pinhole instead of a lens. Show, using ray diagrams, how reasonably sharp( /w2mr1bglviv48 jar,3 gi4w;os*ttzgpbz . images can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particular, consider two point objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct exposure; lp).adxft x f vzjhq+zzjr;+h;c*-, is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is aboutg(eq 19d20sbspcdqs 5 2.0 $cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person in Example 25–6 wo-r/r4y bqlyedfqi cu 5)glo:+ 4+uqa8re contact lenses corrected for the far poiudl+g-/ql+yor ba4q 4fi y) q:eu5r8cnt $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power are needed for a person whose near sb:9. 3fpli3 r lwrks:z1a4,bgqb of .point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far poyz82e4pct+ pjint of 14 $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to hv(lg*9tma 3oe* l o7gread by holding a book at arm’s length, a distance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye isqoz* pivz2h*.7 hxek : corrected by a $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see mnteg, yhra*7o) 71oqobjects clearly only if they are between 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is the nearsighted eye in Example 25–/7vux*uf/icw;i( qs d 6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsighted person’s eyeglasses has a focal lens l0 qyg-z12nygth of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of uv- bf)u ed(2qthe eye–lens system when viewing an object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has near and ft xlzy ig9:1o*ar points of 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens used with a relks (q6*hv2qpl s7 g0siaxed eye if its focal length i20ks 7lqs(ivpgh*s 6qs 12 $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal length of a m gnvt0+7o6 li3j m2stqagnifying glass of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated at zmvky ;x5u+ 4 ognfyvop(3.k4 $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is usio koo.a-s9z7 zng a 9.00-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle m- mix4k-s+xc;sq9yle w. fc, is viewed with a 9.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placed 5.55 p( sug,ryn5,1iq007s vve6yesh yje )$cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass with a focal length of 8.5 yikvqfh3)se r s7:*f- $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is rivnz)w3 (t zz,ated at $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an astronom., mju6 lq. cfa he9velr,ev2-ical telescope whose objective lens has a qj6e,e r.efl l, -vmc2v.ah u9focal length of 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of av3;x. u 8nzeckn astronomical telescope is desired to be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has an objective with fa;dy-b x x4gvr( 6aas5h3f3h xocal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope has its two lenqz92*l k9wsdcx z68j(a tps15oswor.bh 3 qy;ses spaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted for a relaxed eep-1duz5j hm,ye is 32.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an astronomical telescope usinbbuh )91z9 hzdg a reflecting mirror whose radi9uzb1 dh)z h9bus of curvature is 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appebnu,:i 02qh 2serqj 7ears to be magnified 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. Below) has a radiutx/zxf c-0wo/s of curvature of 3.0 m for its objective mirror and a radius of curvat/xf-tczw0x/ oure of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eye8we/; rrez iu)piece with a focal length of 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 12.f mh:s c zz*ddts37+vfs* 5or:0$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1.8-vdbyac / g5mqx0k-5 6j$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming that 4,gaat+f -fmk)0 hzan the final image is located 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microscope has a fob*s0;nm xa+qacal length of 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of two very thin lenses, placed in contact, that *n1x-f8erk oyy*dk9n have focal l*k 9fon*-ex18 rnydykengths of $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberration in ae+39/h kbhw lh particular situation. A planoconvex lens of index of refraction khe9h/ b l+3wh1.50 and radius of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limhrq.iz7 p/ch 6it (degrees) set by diffraction for the 100-in. (254hc/ 7qz .r6hpi-$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construct a telej,.g k s*t6 gew8 d3rzkp:kx8jscope that can resolve features 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-mm camera has a focal length offedn 7zkkw (mw83n2 4e 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-yu 0; 2aejwvy9kt l)cdy 4uq+t.ears away are barely resolved by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a human eye*u ;haol z:lt(r ps,z. distinguish two car headlights 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are separated, we2tdqm-vmuad. l9/ by about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133 nm fall on a crystal whose atoms, y, qvdyc g9)kg8c1 o)wgr5bf fnv++8h1pwh(zlying in planes, are spayvggo5hf8yhc w1 )rb)+vg dc q981p(w,nz +fkced 0.280 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 nm are directed at ol6s2c 3fzcj.h52wpbbyy-3* tmsi 5yan unknown crystal. The second difc*f33 y5 jl .yio2 bw6s 5hptszmyb-2cfraction maximum is recorded when the X-rays are directed at an angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffraction.(zf5: zg :v u0ryxbsl(cmb5p is observed at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a convena d:cys+ iv0k2ckg7a 9tional X-ray image that the X-ray beam consists of parallel rays. What would be the magnification of the image ickk0aa9c+dys2gv : 7? a the magnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed toward midday, and the sunlight got more intense, a pho dr0cf2,b zalb 89*twbtographer noted that, if she kept her shutter speed constant, she had to cha t89b2wabrzc0, *bldf nge the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far away (assume infinity), the ma/y fi*.u,la -kdtiu 1dgnification of a camera lensud1d /l fiku.ia*y, t- is proportional to its focal length.

  For a camera equipped wi97qlczx ,i*lhth a 50-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with her right eye only when objects are betw;4 ao6fh 9ohlheen 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near point)kcz/ld,oo*d,g84 sfaz e3l8hl c ; wu of 15 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifyi 7sn83 5o4wq)lmk2tegwttv6g + rgu 2nng power of a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountains tries to make a telescope using tm( 0 zvl-q,hexhe lenses from his reading glasses. They have powers ofm,ql (ve-zhx0 $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man usg5bx*xvi43kyv c* qt1es $+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremely high ltf,c,/p li6s rh(s pc5y dr6qj,;g-d altitudes (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures at very short distances, exposure times must jcp;l kh2.4su be increased because of the increased.k l p2;hs4jcu distance of the lens from the film for a focused image.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and thexx287u 5m(,obakvbn q eyepiece of a telescope are spaced 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, wi;qh d1vcv(ascx4*7bn th an objective diameter of 2.4 m, is viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubble can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light os *4bcv7cnqxh; d1v(af wavelength 550 nm. Assume the Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lensesri wpd cc+-diu0 kr+/ih:/ochc3km* 2, one with $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a magnification of 8.0. If the two lenses aremt235di i w1ml 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy satellitesqs9 , htmo8(k to photograph license plate numbers. Assuming it is necessary to resolve points sepa(s, s9qo8hm tkrated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fig. Below) has one flat sso5p0e +d+a 7i3-q(kkuw c ydaurface and the other has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm