1. Which of the following could be part of t dw,why 4* ui8/a7bi l1g0brquhe description of a forest habitat on a *g0wi,8iqr bbuw4 uld/ y1 7hamountain?
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditions required for coral reef formation in tzvz,*n 2moj4l (z7hvan oczvj,(z hno vz ml47*t2ean?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the following is a correct feature of a tunvjzz5g2w35 uldra biome but not for a taiga biome?gl5z3w u5v2zj

  4. What is the best description of the limits of :tsb7zq-/ i0-z7 livjap m o,x6cv3 n ulgww+-tolerance of a species?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal deny9-as o)ohh4hjsn2 9bsity

(c) Leaves at the top of tallgjwcz(9kox f 75;3oel stems.

(a) List the two abiotic factors that are the determinants of the 3n6 mn5pudl+ud zi8b:type of terrestrial 86n: ub id3lznu+mdp5biome.

(b) Suggest one example of an area occupied by one these bi6rne v11 n3na6wbdt md/h/0ggomes that may change due to gl1 t/vr w6na0hm/nd1d gn eg6b3obal warming. Suggest a reason why this change may happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is responsible for the protected areas:+iu1e uwchwv7m *+ce of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is pro e: wu mewicc+1v+*h7utected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the sand dune habitat which is a hostile environment for many plant species. The conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways in which planth-pkj r9l 6du.riig r;+ t;cxa8yck(* s avoid being consumed by herbivorous animals c( t9*r+ack;u-xi;gi. hrp6j d8y lkr.