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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V grapo u3,z1sx j1ekh is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change i r:bb;bi36jyb n

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therm,n :n hn;uil/xodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its 3 0h5ox4jowkloriginal volume with no change in its temperature. Thiokwx 4lh oj350s process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30klah- 7y.7v-uc0 uocd L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gasvkd7o 7-l.ac-y u0h uc. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed2agyo mc8j c2a;2.k-gz)elfr to one-half its original volume during an isothermal p2y e)ja .;lrcz kfo2c -2magg8rocess. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expandepl.sj d-g0t( rd isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Whtslr (- j0gp.dich of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an io*ck gdd 5wv5o 7w.3fesolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This pro.dg7k 5c*v3ef5owow dcess is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynmt +ik a;hw6;camics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed tavvw()l;moa ix2 gj51:b641rv ptf wto one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure )rvt2v5b1a tf1 jmi;wvgo(pw: l 6x4aof the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gasv5h/f5bsnkvqr yj-4n) kfx 28 identical in all respects except that one contains s )5k84 xfryjnv2nbqf5-vh/k $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respec y; 2cu1:wldbrts except that one contains1r: w;dcblu y2 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagra1cp he4.g(y6cv *rbjj m is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change9yy7i l- wx :e.7.twotr 73f6nsqsfsb in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodwof5kj yvo,(kto* ..g ynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant ft f-ff;umpm.5 -w 4gidl6,yhpressure as heat is added to it. This proced,fi flwgumtp h56 fy.f4-m-;ss is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferr8qkx3.)o gu,ti((pli .tp(dy s /gv caed to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the (s tac .t/up, (dq8igoyxil3pkg(.v) gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV m7byqp s ;hz/4tc(pqc 5+++coue0:p iwb se5i diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process,xwm r/7op. 6au there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ofh5bg1q 3j(sco thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container th12 fdj 2hkmoxj62r 9gbehs3;iat cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Thisxh2 m ebh3osd21jf9j2 6irkg; process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample kjb: qjf)2b477ehwh kof ideal gas at constant volume. As a result,j:7e bhfwqkh4b27 j k) the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamics z. ; ) nw6x) :jrjxake6(pgjgg5wgf9x.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to tr3uk* hxm6bd4ev:;f7t y1gvye e 4m gf0 bf.nv6ansfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a cmc.sh ,yf0i0 hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accorb;o2 kmkg) jbj.bd oyh fm:(7cih.z: 9ding to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During oiixqalhjl4 hil-)yv 1zrsy-.q72* 5a ne cycle, how much work is doxq4 iyji-.z7a2-5l 1sai* yv qhr)lhlne by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heateh*mn./xp2gz , s: rqd engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink 3(z(y cfai( zk.p2mcvmust mp(y zc(kizv.2 af 3(cbe

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consi cu84is 4-iqcd h.dy:+no 5nnjsts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck s*jbd ys/n *.pm67 i dq lga;xp7i,x6gitatement of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defj5x yf fn6,m9naqq7o 6ined as the ratio oyoxj6qmq a,n7f 95 f6nf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is dbc mx7dn+e-ywm d5w ai9e**b4q 8gqi3efined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of o(i7 ,fduki0mthe water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that mayqej 2c2je g1*x4o x /ld0ptc8b occur within an isolated system, which one2 celx8gjq10e/ djcb2po4x*t of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second laws:s 4zh86: kejza umg5 of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thelvnv9)0 9s91f .vfy+. qman adscc-3/bs o ejurmodynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gak+j.(yhja1nj s. What is the change in intern +(haynjj.1jkal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an id7 23dhgim( u3geutq8 )s,gcuv eal gas. What is the q cdish273eggv3 gt,)u8u um( work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas syskk79*1 mgitqp ycemjq( :f:k; *fqmp-tem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change if7qt :kk j*qm(pfcqymp-*1 9g mi ;k:en internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change inm 9ak d,w26ujy internal energy of ym wku962j,dathe gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 4x2ff qbj8t-o25 J of work. What is the f- qo4jxbft82change in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process,zh4kcka.ri hde+ + h:w/9 mzplx(9.st)/ kdgl the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work dolr/9kk sm(d+c zhwi:e a/d9thxg.)p k.l4 z+hne?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energyav;pf 1s h:/xq of a system decreases by 50 J. What isxavs q /1:hfp; the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintain:vrzlupk-q5k vs1g*4 ed at constant volume as it is cooled1q:l4 rv- vkzsu*pgk5 by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooledg7 fo6;e lrn8t by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removel68rn7t ;fgoed from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg oz4i. tlqm9pu9 f water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat anys/a;c4f8t 8r )lgzy * fzo82 aaqyga*d loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiey;tyc *afofz/8a q4 s)az8 8*lygrag2ncy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives1g6enmm21 n* iummkm4 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform inn1m m mm *k42gue6ni1m each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and recei c5 ,lthu2q0uo1 )aegx4aw s:zves 150 J of heat per cycle. 2x:tg)cho4s5zua1l q,w0 uae How much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal.z;qj ne2d avb1phj9 k49ge,x of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each c .za;ebp29v4, nj1exhjk qgd9ycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle a hn/c *6d5owk4o5xvdr nd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done h5drow /ocnvk5d46x* each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following cht3pqqq0h r4oevsb* ,b 44hrk 3aracteristics: combustiq* hrphteq3k 44b,0rb s3ov4qon chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following ipd scn4)f/r76 e4npucharacteristics: combustion f4d4r6n/pip)7 senu cchamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficie0tly5pzn. 0n i6 zl03fe:e nauw-dq 0tnt engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustionlnn ul 0y q.3e0nz0titf-0:dpe6a5 wz chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric pfy +fnwz.3g +eower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant gener g/qzgobthx99c f2o 93ates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant geneq6nx1q9u 6hg(k fb u.hrates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates bes33: fca4h6wd dudvt1tween $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible fv)5a2oh8cps5yo. wi- czp7u j or an engine operating between)5ao-7o c8swh.pzjy5vu cp i2 $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%x1l +b*eym2e+ y*jn +db btcr(. What is the temperature of the cold rle1td(er+bm*x by*b ync+ 2+jeservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betwe + ob:hrd s0fncz58xv.en $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comxux/m fzhpy 6;20ohz 17ttx j.partment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cytz12m hp.oy6zxh; /j f7xx0tucle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat fro.-ixy xg6 *tovw07ct;rnsb d6m the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient osnwc-b xot.tv0irg*y;d6x7 6f performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J25mc6ken , *xl7ffo na of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work inpnf2 n7* ,5xakco6e flmut is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 gc*lx o;w.4ec d of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes2ue (gg.yh /08tuugal+ps * aq, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entr7aow +ph. :egv3l3c4ix3 muxcq p*l4 gopyvmx*qc7 x3eg li3ou4phw 3lp.4ag :+c changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at ,t93jc6 tuad0 dxdt6ru(e 0cs+*cg xh $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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