Which of the following does not causo+ p4ehk1lw7 ls .v4lzql1d6ne coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports water-atj7 nx (hu92-i;myj hsoluble substances to 7t iuajxh-n9 (j2myh; different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are 2atf64tk (g1rkrx.rfk4m)sn a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table i8qf0uy 1*fna c; *ruuys correct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the bslxyu /(8c4kn ackflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a specibinun fchx,uh1f *87 0es of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed a7 u ni8ffxb1h ,h0*ucnnatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the strk,57upk 8yr7 zeb;x7h ihr hq*ucture and function of diffe h8kyekzrpx ru 7qh*; h7i5b7,rent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a *. fxjhtf.s) l)fknw-leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at wx ru8 z7 gwc4)5wo8lphhich it beatlo)g5ww ux8rchpz7 4 8s?

  The diagram below shows a potometer whichsrip; w*t5ty w ffl6.:oik3-g is used to measure water uptake in plant*ti- wg3i.fo pwtsr5 f:6y;lk s.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are tr4 25j v2c njqswt,s3lxue?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction ax6qzcjchz:g e3k9eh +d7:a-of blood flow into and out of the heart? 9q h7+g6:e ajzekxcd3-:zhac

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human hephaajcjz9sky slxb/m9/) 1 /g /(wug4art.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped ix/ x:q .b5tvnrb6 f3 1coe0yntnto the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following c5r+(de8a q wn6t24ett 1zqyl 6 jd0gokarries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive pr phbq01xaqy gft2,jinw+ty j;5u* (1hoperties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plantq2hyi 5f ju ;x*g ,q(b1y j0nh+tw1apts.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during 7j),wic7 crkwph03b9n(jhgxujg2 y z6 k37ga phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the efftprn ,qml8x:- ects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end - :pnqml,8r txwas sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system6-(k:g tr o.c56 xhlcinf2df,cl)b oq of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a h;sqct,sk.j3fl l l ht1m z491meart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electrongpfh ;+p3 artv2do ta 0::yep)e:-ky z micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of th3)vtpzp a 2efgr:dhoyptk:+a0 ye-; :e monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the huly7y,hlg 6s6xbkvk hu+ g/x:.man heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electro*zqz9i u3 h3/l4qt9* uugbrygqc1 z p0n micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water ingnw9 qex3dsn8 8o5ca . leaves have on other parts of a pladq .w35sg9 nnox88ceant?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the poinb8whw7i mmppyui;f1:,*ex p0*ids; h t in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatei7hxem ;;umw1* wi f0pyi,bd* 8ps h:pst?

  The diagram shows sucrose bein2ney*p(r2p- 1-u 4uopswzde mg passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported around 2(ws d-pezypmu2ep*nruo4- 1the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developidwi4cy( ( nxxey5t2;lo 4p y,sng shoot taken at 400× magnificaxdix5w(t ; 2l,yyoe(n4csp4 ytion.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the press/ qm,wyg c5+vo/zao *fure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pressureqo fgwoyz/,ac*/+5 mv?

  How are most mineral iozz l jg*-g9f58)g k b34rnhhlwm2jwa.ns in the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buildupgev2t lpi853a in that8e3glip25 ve coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is liklu0*td qv d65.:l2 k ek:s (nzy1npqldely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radi3v3ubmr (6vk sh hvh+e,2q71a zn7ljq oactively labelled carbon dio7h7+bm3l q3u1q,6 vrv(kh2 nvahsezj xide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root of a plausdg (r-hv,.m//-gww9q3oxd mv1ielnt.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solu16nn8v5 z5tu d gv6a +blcds;ate concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leagcs1nvt u ;d+da5b65 8va zn6lves and roots?

  The image below represents th caknelgdih+ :m s5cs* 1sy;16z;gu: ie changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventrsu:1y sizm + gckd5c l eni:;a*;h61gsicle and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube elemend(afn;r ul h-.td o,qz.b b1w/ts?

  This image shows an 0e169fwp bmpf 7z3-n ldu8q qbaphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to stud81fpdemf0p -unq 93b7zbq6 lwy transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.