Which of the following does not cause coronary heart diseocz3i6klug83:-fns. o c2i* nxjf 3kyase?

  Which component of blood is mainly5 si pj28wbpe)0j:pm98db ody composed of water and transports water-soluble substanc w bo5s8epbj : 90dp8pm)jyid2es to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feat9zb 0ms3 prhb;ure of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct fo)p b,mu )mq+7h oep:a8lekt;nr sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent thkt3avuqe:cjc*e- 5 n 4e backflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of floweb eionxvw)ij2j 9 zr*7f:hm*;ring plant which is often used as a model for the st;9f jw)bv *nz*e m: irh2ojx7iudy of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is g 1ld7lpq0 e-,ax*jxb not correct for the structure and function of diffe7bxxgd0jl*, p -l1q aerent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section throughf,9gx.( uy ge-fn yss) a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frd9 0 hthse9hn1equency at which it beae9h9d0 st1 hnhts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is v*pn 3pzhgr lym*e9l(8s*cq2 used to measure water uptake in plarhpy8 l lpcvqs* 2ezg3n*m( 9*nts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is v xft.pag;x32/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out of the l9xofl en23ign.39 )m/si,u:5b jypaor s y*w hear,)wox l9boe/3yr *sif3sni95 n.gyjalum2p : t?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heash::/odud fz/rt.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmv4jl+yir kqp-. 9s . cibug8s*onary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heajnru xm71 58 wbpbo,d)rt?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to tra l5:/weaicc2jnsport water i5jaec /icl2:w nside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loadini gxilc;zc4ke: :ue:w+keg4 /g?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation intofw3jpke1a +nu* i83 uk the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a3 k*w13pfue k+un j8ia simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circul2 v9uv)n8htzwatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of ayw7jc oge:2* u heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-sect+ttwsjf7p /* +b-nhbiion of a stem t+w b-fjbi hp/ +7tsn*of the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure g(uid4)pe4us* 7s,gsgi88htp lfe k1y lsz +9of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is a 64lcyp:qy)jxq:0gy 69h o;fmoa jv;jn electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on os4 ).djkxs /icther parts of a plantcjs.sdk i 4x/)?

  What is the position of the atrioventricula:o2 dar uav0w3lmg;dc /0hbu5 r and semilunar valves at the point in the cala : 0dcbv53gudm u;ow02ah/r rdiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded inttd;e /lqtn c0yvp*7n8o the sieve tube unaided, before beil8q0 n; cvy7tdet/ n*png transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below sh* vljq8 jt.fom) i k;h5+p /qobd-va3uows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnificatioq;q-ji 3 tjuv* l mk ap.+b8doofh5v/)n.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes thc 5;3ke **k 9m4if3sjclnpl obeap,1ge pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric presk acml 4c *p395;n*isfepljob 1gk,3 esure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil abf:u)j2ojpcx m ip2 1+msorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequenuu+f+b ,4htyf ces associated with plaque buildup in the coronutub +4fh,f+yary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highe0 e2opg76 mrbz3grtb+y pbrmv5e 53s+st lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactifz.i jwq-7ee13o xb9c vely labelled carbon dioxide 7o-3eq. fx1 9zbjewic (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the r +sv-srs v8gyn ,+hd5 82xhjqooot of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatio7p: 7k7nl wv: hr ufzu9fm ig2,+4jnrc pressure within the sieve t unfw9fr7: m 2z +u4lon7,7i kgrp:vhjubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents th,ma. dtob .7c0j7kp. ldab *mke changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the aortm .7 pjtdckam.7.lado,*k bb0a.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly imt)t+b x 8 cmd 6uvn.mlhaysw1ve 6ft pg0;:/;dentifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet in u+tei*1hlgh) serted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transp*)ulht+eg1 i hort in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.