Which row in the table c.kaud*b e)ti2j;j8 g+ o zhmf,orrectly describes the shape and function of a named proteinzj ).,e ;2fg i+utkdjho8mb *a?

  Which nucleic acid carries genet+a inx:nhr cl1uf*8brp76m4 eic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does no.n9 b1tw0fr5h futf 7kqclm+(t cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the geneticin j3xwky* hx 4r+rzv)8z*l g+ code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding tran0hqq1h okqd3 cm qw64ib:)q 3cslation?

  Which of the following contai/v ) nof:lnvw +bnmy 5x,ig1o,n peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic codeq2-l6mbi2ly 5nd8 4oo1zwl ygs4dz :v.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following co wupg igz;89(kz(g x+6v/jzj djm*:i mntain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows t75:uuj96 +glnzeblythe genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sitm39qljnoaol3 m) y4 :ies. Which statements are correct for the functions of these sitm 9l4iy:ol 3na qj)3omes?

  What does the phraseot2qgn:;f la ( ‘the genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide fro .xw1l h9*o/yh( 9/nt i.kjyak+lbygqm two amino acklaykq(w.j hbo* h9/li/1 .nyg+9ytx ids?

The diagram below rep e-y2agce-: /ns-l xdwresents the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicwaay q4o5,)qagn3vt- 7qzltg4orn.wa* ; /k tated g kttrwl n/g3z4v,5t;q* o 7-wa.n)oq q aaa4yby the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic code.scy+:o +0vl08inl iq5gen kewj*s . d:


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not true? q5:2vuw w 8(-ivg6a1 yy ooprn
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct seq b+:w l(a cdxtrv:bl1(uence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shovt91 kpks35pzm9,;a4 ieqxdh k v g);jws a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain c;d ,t9qkep43z xvskj;i9 apgv)hk15 montains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) sv:+e n5*y.)fkonv (crto )wogtrand of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an importan4hdu t6qk9fk w62 v3ogt role in protein synthesis. dh9kwq4gvo 6k f 623ut

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produce h2pcc)t.pd g:d. Which of ccp tdgh:.2p )the following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a clhjc8to-6mw2 obg g j wm+-./mutation, which of the following . mm8jo+-h/go ct2w6w clb- jgcould most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to s1 5+y8qj 0jlq2o qqdpprokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind /aq8 yq 5yb8 ;a6d jiyr) ,e.biznwyq.to the posi8ab wbiyzj6 y,r en.qd8q y5yi.q) ;a/tion labelled R?

The diagram below shows the replicat gz(( swg5sak/ygtl)-ion of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic trankf0pv/ kk 8r/zpbl1;h scription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of liv6+l 5z j4nmfhvpyq+ q6ing organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of gen 4jflzp5nqh qy6+6m+v es for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetic cod6wx9sgijxd(ocj83( 1 vxx ue(e.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragn s0sddgmq(z ,-w.i)i ment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than om a/wu6oew 3x lm:.7j9tal/b the number of gen oljma/:ub.w/ w6 la o97mtx3ees in its genome?