Which term describes xxd3p; uep9f5the splitting of water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hy 9xeu5;3xdppfdrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon ty(/ixk , 8hrmfixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an exp71 dcgtgo3 l* 7gpaw7mp+ir t3eriment investigating the effect of temperature on the rat7+cam* o733 r tp7 tgglidgw1pe of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? (5ha )4jc1ic:dmgmz6ks* qyq

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer ih ,w ;gz79z-gkq) rlrqn isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesisqzlg hz q;k9, )wg-r7r. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast e8qmb. zx 72m xm0bte/lr/-quin a leaf.Which of the following structures are founl-bxez. mx 2b8qeq7mr tm/u 0/d in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis fm2rytt3n d6+t *mh 9zxeh7,e at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of )f)zaij9k * 5gnum uo)im5j,nlight intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur i b x*w,h eb8j/zswub5,k:qj( vn the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly s m96xaearo0:dtw9 5rrhows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and a56d 9marwa0exr o 9r:terobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with redda8 0 :mhf n9kmbhos6f0(,dti leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-de:jo8 12l*q 0uqnu hpnl8u;sdf pendent reactions for photosynthesi nqd*l:h p81nos q;j2uu lfu08s?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesisc,( 3.7cxlf dzanz+rm or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurhnnk y192 zba,b ,.cuxring in this light-independent reaction of photosynthes,c zy92 un,b.b xh1nkais?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is d 1i1kb;jw: crzm3.sx most involved in the production of reduced NADP and ATP?c w3;zm x:1bd.1jkri s

The diagram shows the separation of p25sx)dwo/p./nhzmmsby * 2 rt hotosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique .) 5nt//sw xrpd*bo2 sy2zmmh in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynt1* 1p 4z+tvmispqe) -yt u 8 7gzi.mlrjms0xt;hesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbzjqm4p7 t s*-mzvpm)1 1r u08iei +x t.tg;lsyonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of light that 9 yvt6ru/kn9sj ceb8 dc)km uxu8;2q5 are absorbed and ref5j 2kebsy /c r9k8tq)uxmnuvd8u96c; lected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are pr pw zthbp/*;m m;6 c+tljr9xes6p6s:goduced in the presence of light tcs*mj66:xw;/ s6ehp pp;r l+gz9mbt.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membran6qfx at,y2-; v aj55k 5nlukaae in the light-dependent r-j y5v;flnkx 2a5 q,ak65 taaueactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transferred frgpw6 au5iuam5h81 l5a om photosystem II to photosystem pa5 58 miaa5uu1lhg6w I?

  In which structure of the chloroplas3 + u vvt(lumhg;e-a 2ji(ew*ht does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatio jee( uiv*-(u;wv th+l2g3 mhan?

  Which products are formed at 6efx.aos +p/z the end of the light-dependent and light-independent reactiona+o. /e6z fspxs?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic pigmenszl j256a(qol ts. Below is a diagram showinl5z( ljsqo6a2g the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chlorop:s-fc0mood8fu 04kz d last.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for p)ym:)vu uh2wiwm9);lvbq) ro hotosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respifp 8er2 1kb:x6qn/jgc ration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are useo1x; c,nx-ezv d to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxidexo ;1z,ve-xc n experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of cn/ eory xzruin,)35 z2ffb,,x3 lgbz0 arbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is u3zxe,3,z zi2gfr0ly/ obnr x5b)f,nit found in?

  What were the results obtained fro;uxfed a b-::qa28nbqm the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of:xau ;-b: qandbf8 eq2 the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?