What is the correct definition of ap g8zjh4 pvunrj)1j21 gene pool?

  Which would not cause chan)dldj*z,k5 vmbj s32qxq.d :a-ogf .ages to the allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference between naturalzj-niuk q::/o selection and selective bre:k:uzqo -j/n ieding?

  As pollution levels rise, th (i4v k)rpc2msdf -vp8an t+(bgp2v5 re trees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. Whatb)(n(af pr8gppt2v2 vd54ki rscmv -+ effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists emd* )b8hv irk o))79sp3l y/1jl yugmzxamples of evidence that can be used to support the theory of evoig/mm v l*3) lyk1yr8j)bz7 d)ohu9pslution?

  Which statement(s) about natural sele.6a d(d3-yoja )vb- vbjvhq o*ction is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of hpa1m06 w6g wypunctuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between t shm4 yxgd 1ab5kdu:(u0qil(jay9s*g 0.e e5z he adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the av .x(za:g y15 lbmsiq90* hkds5ju0egyae(u 4derage lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the develo-r5 -a 35knmodupfi1o9 n p;gupment of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betuit i rw2xq,h;k 20:z gcv)hs5dlaria) is often used as an example when discussing industrial melak5202gdsc ) qx ,rhzh wii;v:tnism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence hby7vx+d)2m ky:p7 5ypwjg 5+cr8booprovide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large bfpvom0f 66.bq5i 7r,n wx gm4oeaks has increaswr.mffpnox0bvm qg7o6i5 46, ed relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible cb,3 i 98ro9kfc bonqxlq;an7+l 8 er9qauses of changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective bre( * 34mzxf8xpbmf1 vcbeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria wit vn k4lly1qj.1a.8cdmpr no* gfar 6:*h different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone 6l4qm1adnfpr.a.j:nok8vg * r c1 ly*of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inh:bq) 29q z02m dgdqtjjerited in a codominant manner. The graph showst qdgj 22j:dqq9 bzm)0 the proportions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the numberxa97 -,e+denfhc +eqb of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shoa+endcf e+qbe-h 9,7 xwn in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, san.n+kjl8 c skij)hnvh5+hfv( crm7m-; d coloured oysters blend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better ins 8m -;l+jk7. hjfc(vvcmhn )+5khin rto the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes an ana6o hl(33s0 klz vzkkfc:res,;logous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is likely a f+xd:80lk yp 7qccs-to be analolcq0pf8s- d7:ak x +cygous?

  Which are examples of direct7/9ae/ qlvx9jpu4 b, 4gqsnad ional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example obsoy b2 ;uw1u( b*ypj/f natural selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found -9aofwa 9qud0 7outk4 near the ground in tropical rainforests. Which char94u-afw70duaq 9ko otacteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from floweahukq wvr+/-bu )1 .mers?

  A population of plants with no resisu h (pb6e/,ilitance to herbivores may develop into a population of plantp/6 ilib,ue( hs that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the forefoot of horpjg w;y2w0+g.o ux n:gses from the u .g+jo :wy;xp2g0wng oldest ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variatio- a l3+n8ttgidn?

Darwin’s finches are fwle*m uw i8 i)pt-(r/a group of approximately 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islan mfui/(wre)t i *8pwl-ds. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of speci vn2d*h9,.0 b 9:lwzwxbhtjzyation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in natural x1q9.fe9tjz*/c vk+; kezkx cselection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to descri 3/cspsz7c+ np9nnm l5.rgh 5cbe adaptations. Which of the following best describes the term e5lzmh.n9 g 3 r cpns5ns+7c/cpvolutionary fitness?