1. Which of the following could be part of the description of a forest habitat o-q2a pdebwa:c3 5 wl/kn kl cw532eq/ aw bd:pa-a mountain?
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditions required for coral reef formatio.ey 8*zz) kvmsn in an okzvm*8z.e) sy cean?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the following is a corre e9jfccas 2vl *qgs6a1::tqs .ct feature of a tundra biome but not for a s.sg q6eca* st9j fv1cq:la2:taiga biome?

  4. What is the best description of the limits of ti gv:c -h5,rtv7utv5oolerance of a species?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal dens95 zc wz0bkra,ity

(c) Leaves at the top of tal2 .oenwyu6 t8tl stems.

(a) List the two abiotic factors that are the determinants of the4 zinzv9xk9 7pbr-pt8cybawh 7 i:1*r type of terrestrial biom7*rz:p wic9pvi9-n7bx1 r4byh z8kta e.

(b) Suggest one example of an area occupi*;fied/ qu) ry npb28cj1en -xed by one these biomes that may change due to global warming. Sugrndy*bj /e c )8uq2f p;xn1-iegest a reason why this change may happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is responsh bwj e07 /bc06pyz4juible for the protected areas of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the jwc 7zhy00 ebbp4ju6/ sand dune habitat which is a hostile environment for many plant species. The conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways 1ce+ kzl ;l nurx. :*-.iqc4n ivk9egqin which plants avoid being consumed by herbivorous animalkqrxcg;e . unzi -4+le9:v lc*i kqn.1s.