1. Which of the follownyg,:/one zp/zjt2h p9ggi.30hk: lq ing could be part of the description of a forest habitat on: kg0,lgi 92/p 3zpnnqzg:h toj/eyh. a mountain?
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditions required for col * kvr; gcxi(1kha* p ee in8n5cyy*;;2b9frnral reef formation in angk 82nnyec* c ;fkve;5i(narrp biy;9* 1hxl* ocean?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the following is a correct feature of a tundra biome but /u+:yhmd),n8meeg ky8z9p kk not for a ta9,8kne8yy+h:pkz /dm)ge m u kiga biome?

  4. What is the best description of the limits of tolerk*i7r 86d,plrbzrizr (c *28qoccf r/ance of a species?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal densipua h0t/zk/0o4v p1fity

(c) Leaves at the top of ernn azw708l:bjf3 o8tall stems.

(a) List the two abiotic factors that are the determinants of v+y:m59l us;os+7xskl tns07nh m*kethe type of terresthnnes+oy*7 ms skl:;u 5sm9k70x l+vtrial biome.

(b) Suggest one example of an area oc1fc ew0c zrmq .x 02eisif,d0-cupied by one these biomes that may change due to global warming. Suggest a reason why this change m0swz1c f 2x0 rd.fc- 0eiemq,iay happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is responkf*a0 j :+o4ba wqkp5 pyzzo j..jp4q+sible for the protected areas of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the sand dune habitat which is a hostile environjzkpqowjp0+4+ o pqb* a zfk:.jy5.4ament for many plant species. The conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways in which plants avoid36* nm lzyn-zovqzy;h1gm 33oh hvvn; , l3r*d being consumed by herbivorous animalsygh; -z o vzvnm qyhz l3 o1nl,h;d6vmn33*3*r.