The three common phasesoc*ogm- 2ih9v6 t9rjn ,i3c en of matter are

  Density is

  Substance A has a densitzs+de)zkd,2 tdy/+ w uy of $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the following is not a unit of pre.ndlde-)x ,ti7 pc-sb ssure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All tcj*6pbmjq4)o3wn grb7k5c+s hree have the same area base, and all three are filled to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water thoc+j5cnprsw3 bk )7 qm*j6g4ban A. Which glass has the greatest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between the pressures inside and out.v-kx9siy4( fa.a kdyside a tire called?

  When atmospheric pressure changes, what hfebjg- bqlm;7)5xew +appens to the absolute pressure at the bottom of a po5qfb j;l-wx )g+7em beol?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneath the surfos5 oyll3r3 7zace of a pool. If you dive to 2.0 m beneath the surface, what happenz lro3s53 ylo7s to the absolute pressure on you?

State Pascal's principle*-x3:j jppm8 nsdu.w isawx 77.

State Archimedes' principle i8uzg +98ima1aqa-y i.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deeper into water of constant density, what x/sjw p/srvg3s- rl 3 g/5b5jbhappens to the buoyant fo/w3js5 rlbjpg/g5-s/r3sx bv rce on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fresh water. A boat floats(y:5z5k/ 0grrtit i zi in both fresh water and in salt watk5 iir(5y :zrg/i0 tzter. Where is the buoyant force greater on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than * 6wvu+ qsn -n.mcg4hafresh water. A ship floats in both fresh water and salt water. Compared to the fresh water, the volume of water displaced in.g6 nn*- wuq4c smhv+a the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in wat: mf ykw7v; o-4vtutkqx6f 1o8er but floats in a pool of mercury. Where is the buoyant force on tu-6of mw;84 vkyx7ftk :vtq 1ohe ball greater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the bottom fa1wyn t1,)7ckas:f qof a lake, right next to a 10-kg piece of lead. Which has the greater bf ta7y),:n1wsa1q kcfuoyant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood floating in a batht* cjf1;os vdp*ub. If the iron is removed from the wood, what happen ;jcfsd1* v*pos to the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floating in ai*0mk/fq .y zu)s7hcf6tc+p k bathtub. A second piece of wood sits on top of the first piece, and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what happens to the water level in the tuffu6 qz07.) cc *ht kymp+i/skb?

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point Bf,8kw-) pctyv is larger than at point A. Where is the speed of th f)t-k8 vwypc,e water greater?

  An ideal fluid flows 840cuo3 wo a5 qn6qdlgat 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe widens to twice its origina uoq3cn6g4 5qldwa8o 0l radius, what is the flow speed in the wider section?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe narrows to hcjuk)sju r )3jg1q0m;*s0my3 ,pk j hkalf its original radius, what is the flow speed in the qpg; 0c3rj ky0j) jm* k1s, mj)u3suhknarrower section?

State Bernoulli's principlendyg. ww 8 43ghzx-h-k.

  Which one of the following is associated with the law of consepobghm z :-8b0;uwj 5ervation of energy in flmb;-z5weu0 p8 ohbj g:uids?

  As the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure in th7g:ese9/vcq1hne) . fpo mp)ie fluid

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at pot k3hkbp x.bpd4h)y1. i.9yt dint B is larger than at point A. Where is thdipp b4dy.1t) ykxk9 bh.h t3.e water pressure greatest?

  When you blow some air above a paper strip, the paper rises. This is becausn a6)e0d)w)ak,p kkhze

  A sky diver falls through the air at terminal velocity. The f3j;6kvz;pqx jorce of air resistance onk ;6;vqjxp3jz him is

  Two Styrofoam balls, of ratx;qbf 5w+i5l3s+z-xwj:6 2 q. ueqruldq4v ydii R and 2R, are released simultaneously from a tall tower. Whic f5 .s3xqvu-qqx wtd wlqj562e l4;+:iyz+ rubh will reach the ground first?

  When a small spherical rock of radius r falls through water, it experiejy9ai ydbutqg:5s86qu8 b6 0rwnn. s5nces a drag fo :wsy uj9rn8gb5ysq6it. q8 0 a5u6bndrce $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on the flow of flui5 k(ywt0j;c d:+r20e ijceblg d through a narrow pipe? That is, if you made a 10% change in each of the quantities b g0dkey5t;c(2c:ibj+ lwje 0relow, which would cause the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes)x pgiw/f wfm6t/+ wop3 k/ *ce8jji,a are the same length, but pipe B has twice the diameter of pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressuf/at8e)i wkjop/+6/3 w xp ,*mij gcwfre difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the same diameter, but pipe B is twy z ig gq46tp5-4v0ht aab.g0gice as long as pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference a -gvtpg6qg.t4aay5 h4 g0zib 0cross the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often tastes grex-rh s2*9v)quqn*jold4xj jw , ,(otp asy. This "greasy" taste seems to be associated with oil spreadixw 4ju9j,q-x* pno,t2qol vj(*r )hd sng out all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this is readily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the water8n .; ppyw6 vblneqjk5iq.75 o rises to a height h. If the diameter were half as great eq58nl.o6.wikjqpv7pnb;y 5 , how high would the water rise?

  Certain insects, such as trv7r (o/:mw8i; 6rwyrgjp i6a he water bug, are sufficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A has weight W. Water bug B is twice as big ar7 8:wvi ; ryap/io(jr6mgr w6s bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the wsiv ip-a)wa5,ater bug, are sufficiently lightweight that they can run on top ais 5i)aw-vp, of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensions 2.00 cm x 3.00 pc92+rkca9ti cm x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. What is itst9c9+ir2k a pc density?

  A liquid has a specific gravity of 0.357. What is i ys+qf: m0c4qpzf rc8;,, btw wp2un:fts density?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measures 3q 2egt2: zbho)uyom+ 60.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 4.00 cm. What is the maximum pressure itu y t eq6g2)o2bhz:+om can exert on a horizontal surface?

  A person weighing 900ubcwg9o3 (nsl f9,3to N is standing on snowshoes. Each snowshoe has area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) must a submarine withstand at a depth of 120.0 jhlzz-9 v28*k l1ixx0-mssvv 28uu oum in the oc8s2j*xv kv2xulz 0houl8-z 9mi1-svuean?

  A circular window of 30 cm diameter in a submarine can withstand a maximum for6 hf)yg /ixd*gwctr( -ce ofcdxwt/()h*g irfyg 6- $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if the absoluby cx,vl ;avydpxv/d *e;c/-/m3x)rfte pressure is 300 kPa?

  What is the gauge pressure ax fvp,o x+cr::t a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The den::v+ p,cofx rxsity of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressure at a location 15.0 m bel78pn esh*x.nebv5me9p0eo ,amx i*m2 ow the surface of sea? (The density of sn *xon xmi e89pvm,2ehbp 0mee*s.a5 7eawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on thei1u9m mzpotub(zl1,4 small piston of a hydraulic machine. The small piston has arb1, tz4 m9ou uzmpl(1iea $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the small piston has a radius 5unvfl85. utcs. bcvcn kl,ge.. *3;9gsoxc r of 5.0 cm and the large piston has a radius n;s85fb*lvcu 9 c.eng 3 lc.ur.5s t,xgco.kvof 15 cm. What force must be applied on the small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted by a 25 cm diameter hydraulic piston. What f s0,t)cyjbx:t orce need0)t x ct,by:jss to be applied to a 5.0 cm diameter piston to accomplish this?

  The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a diameter of 8.0 cm, and its large pisog i6i9 c;hz*m5)ixu6r l)q umton hm; uri)xiczg *u5qol6m6)i9 has a diameter of 40 cm. The lift raises a load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 N iqi)v f5pl0yw . x lgw3)cuu;8o0;hojdn water. What is the buoyant force of the w y0 g)dxowu0vpui 8 ljow5) ;clq3hf;.ater?

  An object has a volume of mc1 h.wk0 t:rk.bm8ax $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder o/3paa ,jid/3am*wle c f solid iron is supported by a string while submerged in water. What is the tens3 w3jc/mlia,e/p a*ad ion in the string? (The specific gravity of iron is 7.86.)

  If the density of gold idkaf le06 :ofvuncr4v /-, mj,s $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel submarine (densidfjidhk4yl9 c /g3mm*ay, h) :ty = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air and 6.86 N when it is immersed in wat ypkn*krnus ,w; 86sd8qzs.n- er. What is the specific gravit6 krdys8w-n8.knqn su *ps;,zy of the object?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, and67x;gdrn x,. tvb 4orm the scale reads 120 g. Now a 20-g piece of copper (specific gravity = 8.9) is su6 r4bgr;d,nvtx7m ox .spended from a thread and lowered into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mass of 13a5kgsmqb. 9s5 l0ln ym/z3 tw.0 kg and density of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2.0 ao3z9l:ntrh7+ 9;c pbki-r nocm will just barely float in water. What is i3n zhr-;n +bralpc7o9k9it:ots mass?

  A rectangular box of negligible mass measures 5.0 m long, 1.09raee3jiq -l ) m wide, and 0.50 m hi)q9 el-j ar3iegh. How many kilograms of mass can be loaded onto the box before it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with half its volume beneath r tw.s6qv/m,tvm 4v- 96ukzzithe surface of the water. The weight of zr 6v v. mmzts/tk 6qu,vi4w-9the displaced water is 2000 N. What is the weight of the object?

  A solid object floats in water with three-fou,izmamja.z t*;xcp4s,o* u0g x88jjjdfk7 l(rths of its volume beneath the surface. .*st m al8 x4;k*g czzjfad,x7jpmu8ji(j,o0 What is the object's density?

  A 200-N object floats with three- k+gqnu* rtl)a :*o,4itbtij5 fourths of its volume beneath the surface of the wa iktou q4t)n: tbi*ljg5,+ *rater. What is the buoyant force on the object?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on an ice floe 100 cm q5 +lv/rlect(thick. What is the minimumtrl+l qe(c 5/v area of the floe that will just support the bear in saltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The specific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of diameter 3.0 c gs;*5lxs3hoj yqqb7l pkxa r 8/9)pq,m at 2.0 m/s. Find the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameterqm l 0 :uh0n2fj stujgz7w bdo5;1:o8o pipe at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2.0 cm diameter restriction in m5s1flnzw7o:b0u:o2u08 johqj; tgdthe line. What is the velocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal 2a /8 7iieyhjcpipe with a pressure of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it take for a pump to supply a drinking fountain8t hb*nvi 7n;/b5 elp( c8plex with 300 kPa, if the fountain is 30.0 m above /p7enli phbvtx( 8l*5e n;8cbthe pump?

  A hole of radius 1.0loub, vqh7v g3x0; bs) mm occurs in the bottom of a water storage tank that holds water at a depth of 15 m. At what rate will water flow out of the;s73lob0 vb,gq h vxu) hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pipe of crn f g0xo,rxd3dbsl. /:oss-sectional area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a viscosity of 0.20 Pa-s. How l;1w9 yjb8-bqf r ufjs p9+u1boong would it take to pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with a neck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due to the upper+r fwbsubj1 pj9q9-;8ubfoy 1 part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissue on the wall of an artery dnlh0v-wp- *ivt.1m pdecreased the radius by 10%. By how much would the pressure provided by the heart have to be increased to maintain a comt hiwvdnv-p p-1.*l0nstant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan of water. Tfg/,s6v7xr/ h yz yi*kube A has twice the diameter of tube B. If water rises 24 cm in tube A, how higxiry/ zhs 7 fyg6,kv*/h will it rise in tube B?

  The surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m. How high wilm.amh: 4ej -eql water rise in a capillary tube o4.jqaem:emh- f diameter 1.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would waoqne : 0i:uej;ter at 0 degree Celsius rise in a glass capillary tube with a diameter ofj;ieo:0neq:u
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertically in a pan of water, and thvneq xa9+rr yyx4s *o7h)1z t6e water rises in the tube to 4.0 cm above the level of the pan. The surface tens+o er )z x7yqn6v ths9ra4*y1xion in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happens to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame of length *4ymaidt7w3 nz+(ley 0.120 m and width 0.600 m with a soap film formed within its confined area. If the surface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap fit*z+w 3dyy7l 4m(ianelm exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has length 12 cm and width 5 cm, and is built i4v aahvv8rnst k (28(. ikqcl8n such a way that one of the longer sides can be moved without bursting the soap film contained in the frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjv a8a8k8s( .rlc (2nkt vhi4qvustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?