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习题练习:Physics Unit13: Temperature and Kinetic Theory

 作者: admin   总分: 86分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月07日 11:04  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the zeroth law of thermodyna r.+s0thhq* xrmics.
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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A bimetallic strip, consisting of metal G on the top and m 9znn; xvkc4a:etal H on the bottom, is rigidly attached to a wall at the left. (See Fig. 13-1.) The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for metal G is greater than that of metal H. If the strip is unifo n9cv4x;: nkzarmly heated, it will


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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the engine of your car heats up, )(styj 0m j;53u ttsxpthe spark plug gap will

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider a flat steel plate with a hole through its center as shown in Fi+es mfusi 4o*-d71 lhth5 pzd/g. 13-2. 4dp-dfs h 1/7 +*uis oelzmt5hWhen the plate's temperature is increased, the hole will


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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of linca(rxx0yy pz *(m50 vsear expansion for aluminum is $1.8 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$. What is its coefficient of volume expansion?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The surface water temperature on a large, deeyeqe nlossq-3 qr3k/4e)4gg g4r i6/up lake is $3 \; ^{\circ}C$. A sensitive temperature probe is lowered several meters into the lake. What temperature will the probe record?

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which temperature scale never gives negative tempera, jp:(+vcv fin.vcgy+tures?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which two temperature changes are +9b),buzygom9 f o2crequivalent?

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The temperature in your classroom is approximate8:1kz. mqadatjm4g:me * asm :ly

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10#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State Boyle's law.
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11#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State Charles's law.).yd4omyir,1p oy. ti
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12#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State Gay-Lassac's law.hmyzhe. (nidj. k46 5o
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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of an ideal gas at 1 atm is compressed to one-third if d3k- z izk8d237jamgts volume, with the temperature held constant. What is ia3 8dzf7gm-z3 d ik2jkts final pressure?

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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the pressure acting t cqvt0 a0sh+o0;15 gv3 zk phocdo01pon an ideal gas at constant temperature is tripled, its volum0h0 31ot0vosc tkpzacdv+ pho ; 5q1g0e is

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the ideal gas Law, PV = constant it xx 7w8:.k)zpv9w 4 ffyez)jfor a given temperature. As a result, an increase in volume correspon874vjix: zzp)tff.9xky ww e) ds to a decrease in pressure. This happens because the molecules

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The number of molecules in one mole of a substanc/i9nku8p yqflqe r*1 7e

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container holds N molecules of an ideal gas at a given temperatgly)h )n.teh hu, .8q7 h j,uctud9s1jure. If the number of molecules in the container is increased to 2N with no change in temperature or volume, the pressure in the containeylgt tuuh)nshj .cdu9hh).ej,,8 q 17r

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Both the pressure and volumehgc)7)gk k ws6b7gh7x of a given sample of an ideal gas double. This means that its temphc7k7 wg x)gg) s7h6kberature in Kelvin must

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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The temperature of an i uv :3tw/h cpekkkg8- zr4t,v*deal gas increases from $2 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $4 \; ^{\circ}C$ while remaining at constant pressure. What happens to the volume of the gas?

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A mole of diatomic oxygen moleckc p:e9;cg t*yules and a mole of diatomic nitrogen molecules at g9 *:cceypkt; STP have

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two equal voll4l )b/jepf s5umes of gas at a given temperature and pressure. One gas, oxygen, has a molecular mass of 32. The other gas, nitroslj fe/5bl4p )gen, has a molecular mass of 28. What is the ratio of the number of oxygen molecules to the number of nitrogen molecules?

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The average molecular kineti(cp tj .*7mtkic energy of a gas can be determined by knowing only

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23#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sample of an ideal gas is slowly compressed to one-half ;bsd.z,td8r zi di//mt8cc 9 pr+ )lolits original volume with no change in tem.zz rt tlr,cpi sb //)o;di8cd8 +m9dlperature. What happens to the average speed of the molecules in the sample?

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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sample of an ideal gas is heated and its Kelu-zv2-/1 b6 u e0y.uqbk ttlzlvin temperature doubles. What happens to the average speed of the molecules in the 1u-z u.v bllt06zqk-e/t yb2u sample?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportion:bp bj+f5o8tq xrw68pal to which of the follo6obpr w8j 5q b:ft8p+xwing?

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26#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In order to double the average speed of the dlijt-a qdz j.zkkw;p ;57a50molecules in a given sample of gas, the tempera-ztkd0ai75 k.qp lwda;j5;zjture (measured in Kelvin) must

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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Oxygen molecules are 16 times /;xw c8kn*hacmore massive than hydrogen molecules. At a given temperature, the average molecular kinetic energy of oxygen, 8/kca w;nxh*ccompared to hydrogen

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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Oxygen molecules are 16 times more massiai z2a-f5zu-pve than hydrogen molecules. At a given temperature, how do their average molecular speeds c5-a u-iz2zapf ompare? The oxygen molecules are moving

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A fixed container holds oxy8e0 iuuf kuw90:s5b h6lj:fhggen and helium gases at the same temperature. Which one of the following statements is cor 0i5 hf06f:hubkeuw98gl:u js rect?

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container is filled with a mixture of helium and2q n32zf k5 )5mnghpqq oxygen gases. A thermometer in the container indicates that the temperatunp5qh k)2z qqm2fg35nre is $22 \; ^{\circ}C$. Which gas molecules have the greater average kinetic energy?

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31#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container is filled with a mixture of helium and oxygen gases. A /5zfw3;nk4 y hkai9ytthermometer in the container indicates that twk9fyh nyk /3a4t5iz ;he temperature is $22 \; ^{\circ}C$. Which gas molecules have the greater average speed?

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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The three phases of matter can exist together in equilibrium ,)e/c; rpzc-wek eno42r l;mz at the

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Supersaturation occurs in air when t8zg5ngz4:qo (w -ji lf f.la 5e)yjn6vhe

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Express your body temperaturccdpk* g,/-0 jdnwv*ze ($98.6 \; ^{\circ}F$) in Celsius degrees.

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Express $68 \; ^{\circ}F$ in $^{\circ}C$.

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36#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Express $-40 \; ^{\circ}C$ in $^{\circ}F$.

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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The temperature changes from 35eF during the night km xzp27ji)bo x-7n7mtr)4fs to $75 \; ^{\circ}F$ during the day. What is the temperature change on the Celsius scale?

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A temperature change ocx hf 6iy, zt oms7o-qs05/q9xf $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ corresponds to a temperature change of

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At what temperature are the numerical readings on the Fahrenheit1xkc2-t8 cxv /ftz(vep 31uz h and Celsius scales thfkxu 21z e8czpt( x13ht/v-vce same?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A steel bridge is 1000 m lon)i pmy8m4a oyb )feu/,g at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ in winter. What is the change in length when the temperature rises to $40 \; ^{\circ}C$ in summer? (The average coefficient of linear expansion of steel is $11 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$)

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An aluminum rod 17.4 cm long a0klhye yp-484j2,i;yut dt rot $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is its new length? Aluminum has a linear expansion coefficient of $25 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$.

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  By how much will a slab of con ddrfwj*7,rk3 crete 18 m long contract when the temperature drops jf*r,d3d 7wrkfrom $24 \; ^{\circ}C$ to -$16 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for concrete is $10^{-5} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$)

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A bolt hole in a brass plate has a diamet7rwnshy( , ue.er of 1.200 cm at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the diameter of the hole when the plate is heated to $220 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for brass is $19 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$)

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  20.00 cm of space is available. How long a piece of bru 7eo4 hz-yh( auph.h6vi*ok6 ass at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ can be put there and still fit at $200 ^{\circ}C$? Brass has a linear expansion coefficient of $19 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$.

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 5.0-cm diameter steel shaft has 0.10 mptfbogitz .ss: 3i 43+m clearance all around its bushing at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the bushing temperature remains constant, at what temperature will the shaft begin to bind? Steel has a linear expansion coefficient of $12 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$.

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  $400 \; cm^{3}$ of mercury at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ will expand to what volume at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$? Mercury has a volume expansion coefficient of $180 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$.

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1 L of water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ will occupy what volume at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$? Water has a volume expansion coefficient of $210 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$.

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The volume coefficient of thermal expansion x f34gxhjf2w (for gasoline is $950 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$. By how much does the volume of 1.0 L of gasoline change when the temperature rises from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $40 \; ^{\circ}C$?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 500-mL glass beaker of water is filled to the rim ats-a,4h mx1s4. kgdvux a temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much water will overflow if the water is heated to a temperature of $95 \; ^{\circ}C$? (Ignore the expansion of the glass and the coefficient of volume expansion of water is $2.1 \times 10^{-4} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$.)

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  For mercury to expand fr a2qwvb,39g+u)d kjr fom $4.0 \; cm^{3}$ to $4.1 \; cm^{3}$, what change in temperature is necessary? Mercury has a volume expansion coefficient of $180 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$.

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51#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A mercury thermometer has a bulb of volume a532yrsbm sw )0.100 $cm^{3}$ at $10 ^{\circ}C$. The capillary tube above the bulb has a cross-sectional area of 0.012 $mm^{2}$. The volume thermal expansion coefficient of mercury is $1.8 \times 10^{-4} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$. How much will the mercury rise when the temperature rises by $30 \; ^{\circ}C$?

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Convert $14 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $^{\circ}K$.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Convert $14 \; ^{\circ}F$ to $^{\circ}K$.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Convert $14 \; ^{\circ}K$ to $^{\circ}C$.

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Convert $14 \; ^{\circ}K$ to $^{\circ}F$.

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Oxygen condenses into a li -kb70+r+ezikht 0 gniquid at approximately 90 K. What temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit, doe0zrek+ hntb -igi+k07s this correspond to?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas occupies 300 L at an absolute pressus9u1 1sxgh*uc 0u: ,ct pw/rsure of 400 kPa. Find the absolute preh 0gscucp9 1ru u:sx*1/,swt ussure if the volume changes to 850 L and the temperature remains constant.

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Two liters of a perfect tjdqtlb4;vs- a+ed(,:xx+lr gas are at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and 1 atm. If the gas is nitrogen, $N_2$, determine the number of moles.

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Two liters of a perfect q q,;7b+mtvllgas are at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and 1 atm. If the gas is nitrogen, $N_2$, determine the number of molecules.

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Two liters of a perfwt 5qyt b7qa,5mg*j) tect gas are at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and 1 atm. If the gas is nitrogen, $N_2$, determine the mass of the gas.

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many water molecuw (i c86r lj+htqe+/ja-/jefrles are there in 36 g of water? Express your answer as a multiple of Avogadro's number NA. (The molecular structure of a water mof e++j6/w8cejqh-jla/ r(i rtlecule is $H_2 O$.)

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many mol are there in 2.00 kg of copper? (The 9ufpx mmk)x-; atomic weight of copper is 63.5 and its specific g9 mpkx)xf;u-m ravity is 8.90)

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sample of a diatomi.5uxn nhgpdgt1) 7c.n c ideal gas occupies 33.6 L under standard conditions. How many mol of gas are in thtp1 h) gnn7gd.un.cx 5e sample?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas has a pressure of 2.5 atm, a volume ofd- zl 18k fe:vnkg.bb5 1.0 L at a temperature of $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many molecules are there in the gas?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas in a container of volu ;4fwh irv21kvme $100 cm^{3}$ at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ has a pressure of $100 \; N/m^2$. Determine the number of gas molecules in the container.

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sample of helium (He) occupies 44.8 L at STP. Whap9 /6age *9bk7cokyb dt is the mass of the sample?/ kyb97 kd *oc9ebg6pa

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 25-L container holds hydrogen gas at a gaug6*i+rsllj r it -)t9fge pressure of 0.25 atm and a temperature i ttg-l 6 r+if)lrs9*jof $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What mass of hydrogen is in this container?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A $100-cm^{3}$ container has 4 g of ideal gas in it at 250 kPa. If the volume is changed to $50 \; cm^{3}$ and the temperature remains constant, what is its new density?

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas occupievix5snk:q4 9 xs $600 \; cm^{3}$ at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. At what temperature will it occupy $1200 \; cm^{3}$ if the pressure remains constant?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A constant pressure gas thermometer imx jy1x/vt/e2s initially at $28 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the volume of gas increases by 10%, what is the final Celsius temperature?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas occupies 4.0 L a(/7bbyl7 c6cuaui djul*x,v3i8ibk ghl53*ut $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. What volume will it occupy at $40 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the pressure remains constant?

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72#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A balloon has a volume o mchz6u( si;xv2d/g p8f $1.0 \; m^{3}$. As it rises in the Earth's atmosphere, its volume expands. What will be its new volume if its original temperature and pressure are $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and 1.0 atm, and its final temperature and pressure are -$40 ^{\circ}C$ and 0.10 atm?

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73#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A given sample of carbon dioxiype7q/8lcptu nb4h7 v. dwu*-de ($CO_2$) contains $3.01 \times 10^{23} \; molecules$ at STP. What volume does this sample occupy?

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74#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  $500 \; cm^{3}$ of ideal gas at $40 \; ^{\circ}C$ and 200 kPa (absolute) is compressed to $250 \; cm^{3}$ and cooled to $20 \; ^{\circ}C$

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75#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  $1500 \; cm^{3}$ of ideal gas at STP is cooled to -$20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and put into a $1000 \; cm^{3}$ container. What is the final gauge pressure?

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76#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas has a densipn,:vwt -s2k dty of $1.75 \; kg/m^{3}$ at a gauge pressure of 160 kPa. What must be the gauge pressure if a density of $1.0 \; kg/m^{3}$ is desired at the same temperature?

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77#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas has a volu(1ingz42/d3d aavd /jezf 8iume of $0.20 \; m^{3}$, a temperature of $30 \; ^{\circ}C$, and a pressure of 1.0 atm. It is heated to $60 \; ^{\circ}C$ and compressed to a volume of $0.15 \; m^{3}$. What is the new pressure?

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78#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A mixture of gases contains 15 g o7si9upt*);kzni pk 3l f $H_2$, 14 g of $N_2$, and 44 g of $CO_2$. The mixture is in a 40 L sealed container which is at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the pressure in the container?

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79#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the average separation betwsk7+d 9f-/rpj jpb0ikeen air molecules at STP?

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80#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At what temperature is the average kinetic energy of an atom in helium gas;w, u rtc/ q:ad99q(brvx+bp m equal to a(uq:9trdx/; , wcb +pvmr9bq$6.21 \times
10^{-21} \; J$?

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81#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At what temperature would the qv /rx1q.ni 6oam(c;i6/vllurms speed of $H_2$ molecules equal 11,200 m/s (the Earth's escape speed)?

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82#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A cylinder contains 16 g of helium ga -3h,rvlr n4yms at STP. How much energy is needed to raise the te3lyvm hr4, n-rmperature of this gas to $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

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83#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the temperature of a gas is(:hmbp ykxsh *8kp y42kl) eb6ons;9s increased from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $40 \; ^{\circ}C$, by what factor does the speed of the molecules increase?

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84#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A molecule has a speed of 5q(p,+sffase/d +d w 7y/ec.v) wk 7nme00 m/s at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is its speed at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$?

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85#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The molecular mass of oxygen molecules is 32, and the molecular man;wpj i7ve 1km0k7 4riss of nitrogen molecules is 28. If these two gases are at the same temperature, the ratio of nitrogen's rms speedim k k7e0nv7jw41;r ip to that of oxygen is .

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86#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The molecular mass of nitrogen is 14 times greater than th7(rmqsd +9ne,.vsu dn.jldk+eu5h 4x at of hydrogen. If the molecules in these two gases have the same rms speed, the ratio of hydrogen's absolute temperature to that of+her5d xd.es mn7qdj4ku+ 9u ,vl(s. n nitrogen is .

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